>Bangladesh
People
Bangladesh is noted for the ethnic homogeneity of its population. Over 98 percent of the people are Bengalis, predominantly Bangla-speaking peoples. People speaking Arabic, Persian, and Turkic languages also have contributed to the ethnic characteristics of the region.
A member of the Indo-European family of languages, Bangla (sometimes called Bengali) is the official language of Bangladesh. Bangladeshis closely identify themselves with their national language.
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2016 | |
| Population, total (millions) | 106.19 | 131.58 | 152.15 | 162.95 |
| Population growth (annual %) | 2.5 | 2 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| Surface area (sq. km) (thousands) | 148.5 | 148.5 | 148.5 | 147.6 |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 815.8 | 1,010.80 | 1,168.80 | 1,251.80 |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | 9.6 | 8.6 | 8.9 | 8.6 |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 58 | 65 | 70 | 72 |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 4.5 | 3.2 | 2.3 | 2.1 |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 154 | 113 | 90 | 84 |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any methods (% of women ages 15-49) | 40 | 54 | 61 | 62 |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 12 | 27 | 42 |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 144 | 87 | 49 | 34 |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | 61.5 | 42.3 | 36.8 | 32.6 |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 65 | 74 | 88 | 94 |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 46 | .. | 66 | 98 |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 80.9 | .. | 102.3 | 118.6 |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 20 | 48 | 50 | 69 |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Environment | ||||
| Forest area (sq. km) (thousands) | 14.9 | 14.7 | 14.4 | 14.3 |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | 0.6 | 3.2 | .. | 4.9 |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | .. | .. | 34.2 | .. |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 4.9 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.3 |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 120 | 139 | 201 | 222 |
| CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.39 | 0.46 |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 48 | 101 | 240 | 310 |