| Ethnic Mongols account for about 85% of the population and consist of Khalkha and other groups, all distinguished primarily by dialects of the Mongol language. Mongol is an Altaic language--from the Altaic Mountains of Central Asia, a language family comprising the Turkic, Tungusic, and Mongolic subfamilies--and is related to Turkic (Uzbek, Turkish, and Kazakh), Korean, and, possibly, Japanese. The Khalkha make up 90% of the ethnic Mongol population. The remaining 10% include Durbet Mongols and others in the north and Dariganga Mongols in the east. Turkic speakers (Kazakhs, Turvins, and Khotans) constitute 7% of Mongolia's population, and the rest are Tungusic-speakers, Chinese, and Russians. Most Russians left the country following the withdrawal of economic aid and collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. |
| POPULATION GRAPH |
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Population:
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3,041,142 (July 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 137
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 28.1% (male 436,391/female 418,923)
15-64 years: 67.9% (male 1,031,819/female 1,033,806)
65 years and over: 4% (male 52,430/female 67,773) (2009 est.)
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Median age:
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total: 25.3 years
male: 24.9 years
female: 25.7 years (2009 est.)
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Population growth rate:
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1.493% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 89
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Birth rate:
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21.05 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
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Death rate:
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6.12 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 160
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Net migration rate:
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NA (2009 est.)
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Urbanization:
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urban population: 57% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 1.2% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 39.88 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 67
male: 42.99 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 36.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 67.65 years
country comparison to the world: 154
male: 65.23 years
female: 70.19 years (2009 est.)
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Total fertility rate:
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2.23 children born/woman (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 114
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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less than 0.1% (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 133
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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fewer than 500 (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 149
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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fewer than 200 (2003 est.)
country comparison to the world: 108
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Nationality:
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noun: Mongolian(s)
adjective: Mongolian
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Ethnic groups:
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Mongol (mostly Khalkha) 94.9%, Turkic (mostly Kazakh) 5%, other (including Chinese and Russian) 0.1% (2000)
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Religions:
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Buddhist Lamaist 50%, Shamanist and Christian 6%, Muslim 4%, none 40% (2004)
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Languages:
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Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999)
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97.8%
male: 98%
female: 97.5% (2000 census)
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School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
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total: 13 years
male: 12 years
female: 14 years (2006)
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Education expenditures:
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