Underhill DE-682

Underhill

(DE-682: dp. 1,400; 1. 306'0", b. 37', dr. 13'6", s. 24 k.; cpl. 213, a. 3 3", 10 20mm., 4 40mm., 4 1.1" 2 dct., 8 dcp., 1 dcp. (hh.); cl. Buckley)

Underhill (DE-682) was laid down on 16 September 1943 at Quincy, Mass., by the Bethlehem Steel Company's Fore River Shipyard, launched on 16 October 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Bertha Underhill, aunt of

Ensign Underhill; and commissioned on 16 November 1943, Lt. Comdr. Sidney R. Jackson, USNR, in command.

Following shakedown out of Bermuda, the new destroyer escort got underway from Boston on 17 January 1944; arrived at Guantanamo on the 22d; and reported to Commander, Caribbean Sea Frontier, for duty. She operated out of Trinidad and Guantanamo escorting convoys until late in May when she escorted SS George Washington from Kingston, Jamaica, to Miami.

Following repairs and alterations at Boston and training exercises in Casco Bay, Maine, Underhill got underway before dawn on Independence Day and steamed from Hampton Roads to screen UGS 47, a large, slow convoy bound for Mediterranean ports. Underhill conducted battle drills and investigated sonar contacts during the long, uneventful Atlantic voyage. In the Mediterranean on the 21st and 22d, she responded to several air raid warnings, but no enemy action materialized, although the last three convoys to pass along this route had been attacked by German planes. As she entered the inner harbor at Bizerte on the 24th the destroyer escort struck a submerged object, which badly damagd her port propeller and shaft, and prompted her to head for Oran the following day. After arriving at that port on 27 July, she underwent temporary repairs; then, on 5 August, departed North Africa. Early on the 6th, she joined the escort of Convoy GUS 47, with which she arrived safely at New York on 18 August. Six days later, Lt. Comdr. Robert M. Newcomb relieved Lt. Comdr. Jackson as commanding officer of the destroyer escort.

During the remainder of 1944, Underhill continued Atlantic convoy escort duties. In September, she conducted UGS 54 to Plymouth, England, and, late in October, returned with a group of tank landing ships. She escorted Convoy UGS 60 from Boston to Mers el-Kebir in November; then engaged in antisubmarine warfare exercises out of Oran with French submarine Doris. She departed that Algerian port on 3 December escorting GUS 60 and reached New York on the 21st.

She left New York on 9 January 1945 for a temporary assignment with Submarine Forces, Atlantic. Operating out of New London, she served as a training and escort ship for submarines, took part in exercises in Block Island Sound and Long Island Sound; and trained intensively in antisubmarine warfare.

On 8 February, she departed from New London and rendezvoused with HMS Patroller to escort the British escort carrier to the Canal Zone. Underhill then steamed —via the Panama Canal, the Galapagos, and Bora Bora-to the Admiralties and arrived at Seeadler Harbor on 15 March 1945.

During the next three months, she escorted convoys among the Philippines, the Admiralties, and ports on the coast of New Guinea. In mid-July, she arrived at Okinawa for eight days of antisubmarine patrol duty in nearby waters. On the 22d, she departed the Ryukyus as the largest and lead ship in the screen for a convoy of seven tank landing ships and a merchant ship carrying the battle weary soldiers of the 96th Division to Leyte.

On the morning of 24 July, the discovery of a distant Japanese plane alerted the convoy. However, the snooper never approached closer than 10 miles and, within half an hour, disappeared from view. Subsequent events suggested that this plane had been gathering information on the convoy and reporting the data to nearby submarines.

Early that afternoon, Underhill made sound contact with an unidentified object whose leek of movement seemed to indicate that it was not a submarine Moments later, her lookouts sighted a mine directly in the path of the convoy only 26 yards away, and Lt. Comdr. Newcomb quickly warned his charges to change course to avoid it. As the convoy steamed clear of the lethal object, the destroyer escort attempted to sink the mine

by gunfire; but, despite direct hits, the mine neither exploded nor sank.

Meanwhile, the sonar contact had begun to look more promising, and Newcomb ordered submarine chaser PC-804 to investigate. The PC dropped depth charges which brought a submarine to periscope depth. On board Underhill, the word went out to "stand by to ram," but, when the submarine went deep, the order was changed to "prepare for depth charge attack." The concussion of the exploding depth charges shook the ship; and dark, oily, debris filled water bubbled to the surface where the submarine had been.

Almost immediately, lookouts sighted the periscopes of two more submarines on collision courses with the ship. Again the word was passed to stand by to ram. Throughout the ship, men braced themselves for the expected collision. Then, two jolts shook the ship. Almost immediately, they were followed by two violent explosions, caused by one, or perhaps two, kaiten— Japanese midget suicide submarines. The explosions, which severed the ship in two at the forward fire room, flung a tremendous quantity of oily water over the still floating aft section of the unlucky Underhill, knocking down men and washing some overboard, but also dousing possible fires in that portion of the ship. Guns mounted forward were blown aft, and it soon became apparent that the bridge and mast had been blown off. Soon, survivors on the floating after section of the ship began to realize the extent of the damage.

Although hampered in their rescue efforts by the necessity to pursue sound contacts and by alarms over real and imagined periscope sightings, PC-808 and PC-804 quickly came to the aid of survivors in the water and on the slowly sinking aft section. On board Underhill, the wounded were brought to the boat and main decks. The survivors displayed fine training and discipline as they calmly and efficiently went about their individual tasks-aiding the injured and attempting to control the damage. Of the 238 men on board Underhill when she struck the midget submarines, only 125 survived. Among the dead was her commanding officer, Lt. Comdr. Robert M. Newcomb, who had been with the ship since her commissioning

Shortly after 1800, the last of the survivors was removed from the floating section which had been listing to port and slowly sinking. The hulk was then sunk by 3-inch and 40-millimeter fire from the patrol craft.

Underhill's name was struck from the Navy list on 1 September 1945.