Completed in 1890, the Eiffel Tower was a groundbreaking feat in architecture, designed by Gustave Eiffel for the 1889 World’s Fair in Paris. Initially criticized, it became an iconic symbol of France. Standing 300 meters tall, it was the world’s tallest structure until 1930. Beyond aesthetics, it contributed to early radio and military communications, embodying innovation and French identity.

In 1890, the Eiffel Tower stood as a completed structure, marking a significant moment in architectural and engineering history. The tower, designed by French engineer Gustave Eiffel, was constructed for the 1889 Exposition Universelle (World’s Fair) held in Paris to commemorate the centennial of the French Revolution. At the time, it was a revolutionary feat, both for its height and the innovative use of wrought iron, which allowed it to reach unprecedented heights.

The construction of the Eiffel Tower began on January 28, 1887, and took just over two years to complete, with the final structure standing tall by March 15, 1889. It was officially opened to the public on March 31, 1889. At 300 meters (984 feet) in height, it was the tallest man-made structure in the world, surpassing the Washington Monument in the United States. The tower held this title until the completion of the Chrysler Building in New York in 1930.

Eiffel’s vision for the tower was not universally praised at first. In fact, it faced substantial criticism from many prominent artists, intellectuals, and citizens of Paris who believed it was an eyesore that clashed with the city’s classical architectural style. A group of influential Parisians even signed a petition in 1887 condemning the tower as a “giraffe of iron” and a “monstrous chimney.” However, Eiffel defended his design, arguing that the structure demonstrated France’s advancement in engineering and science, and he believed it would become an enduring symbol of Paris.

One of the tower’s most innovative aspects was its construction process. Gustave Eiffel’s engineering firm developed a precise framework for assembling the iron structure with great accuracy. The tower’s pieces were prefabricated at a factory and then transported to the construction site. Eiffel’s team used rivets to connect the lattice framework, allowing for flexibility under wind pressure, which was crucial for a structure of such height. This assembly technique was revolutionary at the time and set new standards for structural integrity and efficiency.

Once completed, the Eiffel Tower quickly became a sensation. It offered panoramic views of Paris from its observation decks, drawing visitors from around the world. Over two million people visited the tower during the Exposition Universelle alone. This success not only cemented the tower’s place in public affection but also in the tourism industry, as it became a permanent attraction rather than a temporary structure to be dismantled, as initially planned.

Gustave Eiffel saw potential beyond its visual impact and visitor appeal. He envisioned the tower as a platform for scientific experiments and research. In 1909, the Eiffel Tower served as an important site for early radio transmission experiments, helping to establish the field of wireless communication. Later, during World War I, the tower played a key role in intercepting enemy transmissions, proving its strategic importance.

Today, the Eiffel Tower is one of the most recognizable structures in the world and a symbol of France. It represents the daring spirit of innovation and stands as a testament to the advancements in engineering and architecture during the 19th century. The tower continues to attract millions of visitors every year and remains an enduring icon of Parisian and French identity.