World History 1780-1790 AD

Tupac Amaru Revolt, Revolutionary War, Revolutionary War Battles, Battle of Yorktown, Article of Confederation, Rama I Rules Siam, Russian Army Invades Crimea , Treaty of Paris,India Act, Annapolis Convention, Shay's Rebellion , Le Nozze di Figaro , Constitution Approved, Amar Singh's Reign, Proclamation of Neutrality , Constitution Takes Effect , Washington Inaugurated, French Revolution , Jews Granted Equality , Judiciary Act Passed

1780 AD Tupac Amaru Revolt The natives of Peru revolted under the leadership of Tupuc Amaru. Tupuc Amaru declared himself the liberator of his people. The Spanish crushed the revolt and Tupuc Amaru was killed

1780 AD Revolutionary War Events- Battle of Camden- Arnold A Traitor- Battle of King Mountain

1781 AD Revolutionary War Battles- Battle of Cowpens-Battle of Guiford Courthouse- Battle of Hobkirk Hill

1781 AD Battle of Yorktown - After a long period of inactivity, the British decided to pursue the Southern strategy. The British were initially successful, but soon found themselves only in a tenuous control of coastal cities. After a number of tactical defeats, General Cornwallis, the British commander, retired to Yorktown, awaiting relief from the British fleet. American and French forces converged on him, however, and he was forced to surrender. The surrender at Yorktown marked the last major campaign of the war.

1781 AD Article of Confederation Approved-The Articles of Confederation were first approved by the Continental Congress in 1777. Then, they were sent to each state for ratification. The Articles required unanimous ratification by the states in order to take effect. Some states resisted approving the Articles because of a dispute over western lands. A number of the states had large Western land holdings, while others had none. Those states without western holdings felt that those with holdings were receiving an unfair advantage. They felt that, since all the states had fought for independence, including the land to the west, it would be unfair if only the states that held western land would be allowed to sell them to pay off their war debt. Maryland continued to hold out, until 1781, when New York surrendered her Western claims and Virginia was on the verge of doing the same.

1782 AD Rama I Rules Siam The Chakri Dynasty was established in Siam. Its first ruler is Chao P'ya Chakri, who rules as Rama I. The dynasty rules to this day.

1782 AD Russian Army Invades Crimea The Russian army in December 1782 invaded Crimea. The Tartar leaders of Crimea had been fighting among themselves thus the Russians had little difficulty in conquering it.

1783 AD Treaty of Paris The Treaty of Paris was signed between the United States, Great Britain, France and Spain. It brought to an end the American Revolutionary War. Great Britain recognized the United States. The Northern borders of the US were set, and Louisiana territory was open for trading.

1784 AD India Act -The India Act became the law of Great Britain on August 13, 1784. Under its terms the reorganized East Indian Company could not interfere in native affairs, make a declaration of war unless it was in self-defense. In addition a board was appointed by the government to whom the board of directors was responsible.

1786 AD Annapolis Convention-After a successful agreement between Virginia and Maryland over trade, and under the prodding of James Madison; Virginia invited the other states to a meeting in Annapolis in September 1786, to discuss the improvement of trade relations. Only five states sent delegates, so an agreement was impossible. The delegates did, however, accept a plan to invite all the states to a conference the following May to draft a constitution to provide suitable powers to the federal government.

1786 AD Shay's Rebellion- Daniel Shays, a farmer and Revolutionary War veteran, led other farmers to revolt. Shays and 1,200 followers demanded relief from various taxes and debts. With the use of force, rebels stopped the Supreme Court of Massachusetts from meeting. Within two months, the farmers were defeated in a clash with state militia. This ended their rebellion.

1786 AD First Production of Le Nozze di Figaro Le Nozze di Figaro (The Marriage of Figaro) by W. A. Mozart (composer) and Lorenzo da Ponte (librettist) premieres on May 1, 1786 in the Burgtheater in Vienna. Mozart and Da Ponte continue their collaboration on two more operas: Don Giovanni (1787) and Cosi fan tutte
(1790). Mozart Dies in 1791.

1787 AD Constitution Approved -On September 17th, after weeks of debate, the Constitution of the United States was approved. It called for a strong central government in the United States. Thirty-nine delegates, representing 12 of 13 states, signed the document.

1787 AD Amar Singh's Reign Begins Transformation of Carnatic Music During the reign of Amar Singh (1787 - 1798) in southern India, three Brahmin musicians reformed the art of Carnatic music, and established a new heritage for future generations of southern Indian musicians. Their names were Tyagaraja (1767-1847), Muttusvami Diksitar (1775-1835) and Syama Sastri (1762-1827).

1787 AD Proclamation of Neutrality -As war broke out between France and England, President Washington announced that the United States would be “friendly and impartial towards the belligerent powers.” The Jeffersonians felt that this was an insult to the French, America's first ally. Hamiltonians, on the other hand, were satisfied with this decision.

1788 AD Constitution Takes Effect-The first state to ratify the US Constitution was Delaware. New Hampshire was the ninth state to sign; it provided the final vote needed for the two-thirds majority, at which point the Constitution took effect. The only State to vote against the Constitution was North Carolina.

1789 AD Washington Inaugurated Washington became the first President of the United States, after being unanimously elected by the members of the Electoral College. The newly-elected President took part in what became a triumphal procession from Mt. Vernon to New York, the temporary capital of the United States. On April 30th, on a crowded balcony overlooking Wall Street, President Washington took his oath of office.

1789 AD French Revolution The near collapse of the French government’s finances forced King Louis XVI to call the first meeting of the Estates-General since 1614. The assembly was made up of three groups, The First Estate- consisting of clergy, the Second Estate consisting of nobles, and the Third Estate consisting of the common men. When the meeting opened at Versailles on May 5, 1789 the Third Estate demanded that instead of each Estate having only 1 vote thus assuring the dominance of the nobility each deputy should receive 1 vote. When their proposal was not accepted the Third Estate declared that they would meet separately to draw up a constitution for France. When they arrived at their declared meeting place they found it locked and instead met at a nearby indoor tennis court. There the deputies signed an oath that became known as the Tennis Court oath, in which they declared to meet until they had written a new constitution for France. Louis XVI prepared to move against the Third Estate. Before he could take action the commoners took to the streets and stormed the Bastille, the Paris prison. They freed all the prisoners, and dismantled the prison. Louis XVI lost control of the army and effectively became a prisoner in Versailles. Rebellions broke out throughout France. On August 26th, the National Assembly adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man, and eliminated all aristocratic privileges. On October 5th thousand of Parisian women forced the king from Versailles and back to Paris.

1789 AD Jews Granted Equality-French Jews were granted full civil rights as provided by the earlier declaration of the rights of man. France was the first European government to grant Jews full civil rights. This began what became known as the emancipation of the Jews.

1789 AD Judiciary Act Passed From the day that Congress convened, it had to pass a series of laws that created the government. It passed laws authorizing the establishment of the Department of the Army, State Department, Treasury Department and the Post Office. The Congress also passed the Judiciary Act. This act established the Federal court system and set the size of the Supreme Court. It also gave the Supreme Court the right to review state court decsions.