Jamaican leader Michael Manley was educated at the London School of Economics. During the 1950's Manley was a trade leader. His father, who was the first Jamaican Prime Minister, appointed him to the Jamaican Senate in 1962. In 1969, he replaced his father as head of the People's National Party and three years later, Manley became Prime Minister of Jamaica. Manley instituted a radical policy of economic and social reforms. Despite rising unemployment, Manley was re-elected in 1976, but defeated in 1980. He returned to power in 1989. Bibliography: Levi, Darrell E. Michael Manley : The Making of a Leader. 1990. U. Ga. Press